分析數控車床常見故障與處理
文章作者：新錦泰 發表時間： 瀏覽次數：次
[導讀:]簡(jian)易(yi)數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床(chuang)由(you)機(ji)械(xie)和(he)電(dian)氣(qi)兩(liang)部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)後(hou)要(yao)從(cong)機(ji)械(xie)和(he)電(dian)氣(qi)兩(liang)個(ge)方(fang)麵(mian)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，判(pan)斷(duan)出(chu)是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)故(gu)障(zhang)還(hai)是(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)，再(zai)深(shen)入(ru)分(fen)析(xi)找(zhao)出(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)。下(xia)麵(mian)小(xiao)編(bian)帶(dai)大(da)家(jia)一(yi)起(qi)來(lai)了(le)解(jie)數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床(chuang)常(chang)見(jian)故(gu)障(zhang)與(yu)處(chu)理(li)，希(xi)望(wang)對(dui)你(ni)有(you)所(suo)幫(bang)助(zhu)。 1.程序運行後步進電機抖動不轉 zheyixianxiangyibanshibujindianjihuoqikongzhixitongduanxiangzaochengde。youkenengshibujindianjibenshenguzhangyekenengshiqiqudongdianluguzhang。shouxianjianzhabujindianjidelianjiechatoushifoujiechulianghao，ruojiechulianghao，kejiangmeiyouguzhangdedianjitiaohuanguolai，yibianyanzhengdianjishifoulianghao。ruotiaohuandianjihourengbunengzhengchanggongzuo，zeshuomingqikongzhibufenbuzhengchang，kezhongdianjianzhaqudongbanshang..
簡(jian)易(yi)數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床(chuang)由(you)機(ji)械(xie)和(he)電(dian)氣(qi)兩(liang)部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)，出(chu)現(xian)故(gu)障(zhang)後(hou)要(yao)從(cong)機(ji)械(xie)和(he)電(dian)氣(qi)兩(liang)個(ge)方(fang)麵(mian)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，判(pan)斷(duan)出(chu)是(shi)機(ji)械(xie)故(gu)障(zhang)還(hai)是(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)故(gu)障(zhang)，再(zai)深(shen)入(ru)分(fen)析(xi)找(zhao)出(chu)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)。下(xia)麵(mian)小(xiao)編(bian)帶(dai)大(da)家(jia)一(yi)起(qi)來(lai)了(le)解(jie)數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床(chuang)常(chang)見(jian)故(gu)障(zhang)與(yu)處(chu)理(li)，希(xi)望(wang)對(dui)你(ni)有(you)所(suo)幫(bang)助(zhu)。
1.程序運行後步進電機抖動不轉
zheyixianxiangyibanshibujindianjihuoqikongzhixitongduanxiangzaochengde。youkenengshibujindianjibenshenguzhangyekenengshiqiqudongdianluguzhang。shouxianjianzhabujindianjidelianjiechatoushifoujiechulianghao，ruojiechulianghao，kejiangmeiyouguzhangdedianjitiaohuanguolai，yibianyanzhengdianjishifoulianghao。ruotiaohuandianjihourengbunengzhengchanggongzuo，zeshuomingqikongzhibufenbuzhengchang，kezhongdianjianzhaqudongbanshang的大功率三極管及其保護元件釋放二極管，一般情況下，這兩個元件
2.程序運行中工作台突然停止
zheyixianxiangyibanshiyoujixieguzhangyinqide，danyekenengshikongzhixitongfashengguzhangzaochengde。zheshikexianjianggongzuotaituihuiyuandian，zhongxinqidongjiagongchengxu，ruogongzuotaizongshiyunxingdaomouyiweizhishitingzhi，yinggaishichuandongxitongdemouyibuweisunhuai、變形或被異物卡住等。首先斷電，然後檢查絲母與絲杠間隙或溜板鑲條是否太緊、滾珠絲杠的滾珠導槽內有無異物、絲杠有無彎曲變形、步進電機減速器內柔性齒輪是否鬆動或異物卡住等。若手動盤車沒有異常，則是控製係統故障，應按照故障1進行檢查。
3.高速時步進電機丟步
可ke能neng是shi驅qu動dong電dian源yuan電dian壓ya降jiang低di，使shi步bu進jin電dian機ji輸shu出chu轉zhuan矩ju減jian小xiao。應ying重zhong點dian檢jian查zha驅qu動dong電dian源yuan部bu分fen，當dang高gao壓ya開kai關guan三san極ji管guan損sun壞huai後hou，高gao壓ya電dian源yuan天tian法fa接jie通tong，高gao速su時shi步bu進jin電dian機ji輸shu出chu轉zhuan矩ju減jian少shao而er丟diu步bu。也ye可ke能neng某mou處chu機ji械xie故gu障zhang，所suo以yi還hai應ying檢jian查zha絲si杠gang、絲母、溜板、步進電機減速器等處。當有部件彎曲、變形、或有異物時會使運行阻力增大，低速運行時現象不明顯，但高速時則不能完全克服運行阻力。
4.程序運行結束刀具不回零點
一yi般ban是shi控kong製zhi係xi統tong故gu障zhang。刀dao具ju在zai進jin給gei或huo在zai加jia工gong時shi，步bu進jin電dian機ji運yun轉zhuan速su度du較jiao低di，而er程cheng序xu回hui零ling點dian時shi，則ze要yao求qiu快kuai速su退tui回hui。步bu進jin電dian機ji高gao速su運yun行xing，采cai用yong高gao壓ya驅qu動dong電dian源yuan，以yi使shi輸shu出chu轉zhuan矩ju增zeng大da。控kong製zhi高gao壓ya驅qu動dong電dian源yuan輸shu出chu的de有you一yi開kai關guan三san極ji管guan，當dang開kai關guan三san極ji管guan損sun壞huai後hou，高gao速su回hui零ling點dian時shi高gao壓ya電dian源yuan打da不bu開kai，步bu進jin電dian機ji輸shu出chu轉zhuan矩ju不bu夠gou，致zhi使shi刀dao具ju不bu回hui到dao零ling點dian。更geng換huan開kai關guan三san極ji管guan即ji可ke消xiao除chu。
5.刀具返回零點時越位
一yi般ban是shi機ji械xie傳chuan動dong係xi統tong運yun行xing阻zu力li太tai大da引yin起qi。切qie削xue進jin給gei時shi，刀dao架jia低di速su運yun行xing，低di電dian壓ya驅qu動dong，步bu進jin電dian機ji運yun轉zhuan轉zhuan矩ju小xiao，不bu足zu以yi克ke服fu阻zu力li造zao成cheng丟diu步bu。而er回hui零ling時shi步bu進jin電dian機ji高gao壓ya驅qu動dong，運yun行xing速su度du高gao、轉zhuan矩ju大da，又you沒mei有you切qie削xue阻zu力li，步bu進jin電dian機ji不bu丟diu步bu。這zhe樣yang去qu時shi丟diu步bu而er返fan回hui時shi正zheng常chang就jiu會hui造zao成cheng不bu回hui零ling現xian象xiang。這zhe時shi可ke檢jian查zha步bu進jin電dian機ji減jian速su箱xiang內nei傳chuan動dong齒chi輪lun或huo步bu進jin電dian機ji與yu絲si杠gang之zhi間jian傳chuan動dong齒chi輪lun上shang有you無wu鐵tie屑xie異yi物wu，或huo溜liu板ban鑲xiang條tiao是shi否fou太tai緊jin使shi運yun行xing阻zu力li增zeng大da等deng。
6.加工後的工件尺寸誤差很大
yizhongkenengshisiganghuosimuyuchechuanglianjiesongdong。kongzoushimeiyouchidaozuli，liubanyunxingzhengchang，jiagongshiyouyuqiexuezulizengda，siganghuosimuyuchechuanglianjiechusongdong，zaochengjiagonggongjianchicunpiaoyi。jingulianjiebufen，guzhangjikexiaochu。lingyizhongkenengshidiandongdaojiazaocheng。ruguohuandaohoudaojiabunengzidongsuojin，qiexueshidaojupianlijiagongdian，yehuizaochengshangshuxianxiang。zheshiyingjianzhadaojiasuojinzhuangzhijidaojiakongzhixiang。
7.工件局部尺寸誤差大
主zhu要yao是shi絲si母mu與yu絲si杠gang間jian間jian隙xi過guo大da所suo致zhi。由you於yu絲si母mu與yu絲si杠gang長chang期qi在zai某mou一yi段duan運yun行xing，使shi該gai段duan的de間jian隙xi增zeng大da。程cheng序xu開kai始shi時shi，測ce定ding的de絲si杠gang間jian隙xi被bei補bu償chang到dao程cheng序xu裏li，但dan在zai磨mo損sun段duan無wu法fa補bu償chang，以yi致zhi工gong件jian局ju部bu尺chi寸cun超chao差cha。解jie決jue的de辦ban法fa是shi修xiu理li或huo更geng換huan絲si杠gang。
8.電動刀架換刀時不能定位且旋轉不止
zheshiyouyudangchengxuyaomouhaodaoshi，diandongdaojiazhengzaizhuanxuandaoju，dangxuanzhuandaogaihaodaojushi，meiyouyingdaxinhao，congershidaojiaxuanzhuanbuzhi，bunengdingwei。yingjianzhadiandongdaojiashangdehuoeryuanjian。huoeryuanjiansunhuaishi，huishisuoyaodaojudaoweishi，meiyoujiancedaoxinhaoshuchu，congerzaochengshangshuxianxiang。genghuangaihaodaodehuoeryuanjianjike。
9.程序執行過程中返回監控狀態且工作停止
一yi般ban是shi監jian控kong程cheng序xu出chu現xian故gu障zhang或huo是shi強qiang磁ci幹gan擾rao引yin起qi。對dui於yu強qiang磁ci幹gan擾rao可ke采cai用yong接jie地di或huo屏ping蔽bi的de辦ban法fa解jie決jue。若ruo不bu按an程cheng序xu執zhi行xing或huo啟qi動dong程cheng序xu時shi不bu按an執zhi行xing指zhi令ling，立li即ji返fan回hui監jian控kong狀zhuang態tai，一yi般ban是shi監jian控kong程cheng序xu或huo計ji算suan機ji硬ying件jian出chu現xian故gu障zhang，可ke更geng換huan可ke疑yi芯xin片pian，如ru片pian外wai程cheng序xu存cun儲chu器qi芯xin片pian、可編程接口芯片或單片機本身。有時片外數據存儲器故障也能引起此現象。否則隻好找生產廠家重新調試。
10.加工程序經常丟失
ruokongzhixitongduandianhoujiagongchengxudiushi，erjichuangshangdianhouzhongxinshurujiagongchengxu，jichuangkeyizhengchangjiagong，zekenengshibeiyongdianchidianyajiangdihuoduankai，zaochengshujucunchuqizhongdejiagongchengxuzaijichuangduandianhouwufabaochierdiushi。genghuanbeiyongdianchijike。ruojiagongchengxuzaijiagongguochengzhongjingchangbufenhuoquanbudiushi，zejiyoukenengshishujucunchuqiguzhang，zheshikegenghuanpianwaishujucunchuqihuodanpianjibenshen。
"分析數控車床常見故障與處理"由精密五金加工廠家-新錦泰整理發布，如需轉載請注明來源及出處，原文地址：http://www.jingyisz.cn/news/1541.html
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